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Standard superconductivity occurs via a pairing of electrons. Fermion quadrupling is not competitive with fermion pairing with the BCS theory. I will discuss the theoretical mechanism where fermion quadrupling states are stabilized by fluctuations proposed in Nature 431 (7009), 666-668 (2004). The especially interesting family of fermion quadrupling states is one that spontaneously breaks time-reversal symmetry. Experimental observation of such a state was recently reported in Nature Physics 17, 1254–1259 (2021). It has magnetic properties that are different from both the superconducting state and the normal state. The properties can be described by an effective model, significantly different from the Ginzburg-Landau model but related to the Skyrme model Physical Review Letters 129 (8), 087602 (2022).
Egor Babaev is a Professor at the Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden. He got PhD in 2001 at the Department of Theoretical Physics University of Uppsala (Sweden). He was a Postdoctoral research associate at Inst. for Theoretical Physics Uppsala University until 2003. He moved to Cornell University in 2003 as a Postdoctoral research associate. In 2006 he got an Assistant Professor position at Theoretical Physics Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) and a joint Assistant Professor position at the Physics Department University of Massachusetts Amherst. In 2008 he became a Fellow of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science hosted at the Royal Institute of Technology Sweden. In 2013 he got an Associate Professor position at the Department for Theoretical Physics Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden and in 2015 became a Professor at the Department for Theoretical Physics Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden. He is an author of more than 100 publications and received several prestigious awards: the Tage Erlander Prize, the Goran Gustafsson Prize of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and the Fellow of the American Physical Society.