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Hydrodynamics has historically provided a powerful framework to describe and predict a wide variety of out of equilibrium phenomena, ranging from the flow of water to star and galaxy formations. Recently, it has also played a surprising role in characterizing phases of quantum matter. I will briefly review some of these examples and explain why hydrodynamics has been so successful in describing such systems. I will then discuss current theoretical developments in reformulating hydrodynamics as an effective field theory, which systematically incorporates thermal and quantum fluctuations. Finally, I will show how this effective field theory can be adapted to genuinely far-from-equilibrium situations.
Paolo got his PhD in 2018 from MIT under the supervision of Prof. Hong Liu, he then moved to Kadanoff center for physics at the University of Chicago to do a postdoctoral fellowship under the supervision of the Dirac medalist Prof.D.T. Son. Last year, he moved to Stanford University for his second postdoc. Paolo is an expert on the lagrangian formulations of hydrodynamics and effective field theories out of equilibrium.