The centers of all massive galaxies contain supermassive black holes weighing millions to tens of billions times the mass of the Sun. Recent observations reveal that even a significant fraction of low-mass galaxies contain intermediate-mass black holes, which give new insights into the birth of supermassive black holes and offer predictions for the next generation of gravitational wave experiments. Accretion of matter by central black holes power quasars and various types of active galactic nuclei. The energy and momentum released by accretion, in turn, may strongly influence the evolution of galaxies. I will summarize the critical observations over the past 30 years that have led to the discovery of the widespread existence of black holes in galaxies, which is among one of the most important developments in modern astrophysics.
Luis C. Ho, a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a fellow of the American Astronomical Society, earned his bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1990 and obtained his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1995. In 1998, he joined the renowned Carnegie Observatories as a lifelong astronomer. Since 2014, he has been serving as the Director of the Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics at Peking University in China.
Professor Ho is an expert in observational astronomy, conducting research in various aspects of black holes and galaxy evolution using state-of-the-art ground-based and space telescopes. He has achieved numerous groundbreaking results, focusing on the physical processes of black hole accretion, galaxy structure, dynamics, and properties of star formation, as well as the development of observational and data analysis techniques. With over 720 academic publications, he has been cited by peers more than 67,000 times, boasting an impressive H-index of 123.

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