XeSAT2024 - International Workshop on Application of Noble Gas Xenon to Science and Technology

24 May 2024, 18:00 → 27 May 2024, 16:00 Asia/Shanghai

N4F-N400 (Tsung-Dao Lee Institute)

Ke Han (SJTU), Jianglai Liu (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ning Zhou (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), xiaohua chen (上海交通大学), Indico TDLI

Thank you for attending XeSAT2024!

 

We are excited to host the 7th “International Workshop on Application of Noble Gas Xenon to Science and Technology” (XeSAT2024) will take place from May 24 to 27 2024 at the Tsung-Dao Lee Institute in Shanghai, China. The conference follows a series of successful iterations worldwide and will bring together physicists, chemists, and engineers to discuss the advances in noble gas technology and their applications in various fields.

The conference will have plenary sessions and reserve plenty of time for discussion. We welcome abstract submissions from all relevant sectors and encourage especially junior scientists to participate in the discussions.

XeSAT2024 will be organized by the PandaX group at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The conference venue will be at Tsung-Dao Lee Institute in Pudong District, Shanghai.

May is the perfect time to visit Shanghai. We look forward to hosting you at the exciting conference.

Booklet

You can see it here.

Registration Fee

The registration fees for non-students/students are RMB 2500/1600 (~300/200 EURO). If payments are finalized before April 30, 2024, an early-bird discount is offered: RMB 2000/1200 (~250/150 EURO) for non-students/students respectively. 

中文版会议证明(Stamped meeting announcement in Chinese)

Topics

The conference will involve fields related to the physics and chemistry of noble gas detectors, and their applications in science, medical field, and engineering. Although the previous conferences were mainly focused on xenon detectors, this conference calls for wider fields of detectors. There have been some recent progress and new attempts of detector technology (such as Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD), photon sensors such as SIPM and CMOS and new advances in technology/engineering (such as background reduction and shielding technology), along with large-scale experiments for dark matter and double-beta decay detection.

The main topics will be as follows:

• Noble gas properties for radiation detection
• Calorimetric applications to dark matter, double beta decay, and other physics topics
• Imaging applications in medicine, astrophysics, and nuclear engineering
• Novel techniques in noble gas detector R&D
• Gas and liquid handling; industrial supplies
• Background Reduction and shielding technology

 

240525_101344.jpg

Booklet.pdf

ProofOfAtten_XeSAT.pdf

Friday, 24 May

Social Program: Welcome Reception

Saturday, 25 May

Opening and Overview

Convener: Ke Han (SJTU)

1 Welcome Remarks

Speaker: Prof. Karl Giboni (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

2 Logistics

Speaker: Ke Han (SJTU)

XeSAT2024 Logistics.pdf

3 Status and prospects of PandaX

Speaker: Jianglai Liu (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

PandaX-XeSAT-final2.pdf

4 Group Photo

240525_101330.jpg

240525_101344.jpg

Break: Coffee and Tea

Dark Matter Direct Detection: Session 1

Convener: Qing Lin

5 XENONnT Data Analysis

The XENONnT experiment is a multi-ton-scale liquid-xenon detector operated by the XENON Collaboration in search of dark matter and other beyond the standard model phenomena. The dual-phase time projection chamber (TPC) design enables simultaneous measurement of scintillation and ionization signals produced by interactions within the target volume, which can be utilized to reconstruct the energy, position, and type of the interaction for each event. Then by performing event selection, detector response characterization via calibration, and determination of signal and background model, the XENONnT experiment has set world-leading limits on models on WIMP nucleon interaction, solar axions, enhanced neutrino magnetic moment, and bosonic dark matter. This talk will cover the analysis work that goes into arriving at these limits.

Speaker: Ying-Ting Lin (Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik)

XENONgeneral240522.pdf

XENONgeneral.pptx

6 Status of the LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter experiment

LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a dark matter direct detection experiment located at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. At the heart of the detector is a dual-phase time projection chamber containing 7 tonnes of active liquid xenon. During its 1000-day science run, LZ aims to achieve unprecedented sensitivity to Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) down to a WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of about $1.4 \times 10^{-48} \textrm{cm}^{2}$ for a $40 \textrm{GeV c}^{2}$ mass WIMP. In this talk, I will give an overview of the LZ experiment, discuss its status and report on recent results.

Speaker: Theresa Fruth (University of Sydney)

2024XeSAT_LZ_Fruth.pdf

7 DarkSide

Speaker: Yi Wang (IHEP)

DarkSide YW.pdf

8 DARWIN

Speaker: Julien Masbou (Subatech - Nantes Université)

2024_05_26 DARWIN - XeSAT2024.pdf

Break: Lunch

Double Beta Decay: Session 1

Convener: Xiang Xiao (Sun Yat-sen University)

9 NEXT

Speaker: Francesc Monrabal Capilla (Donostia International Physics Center)

xesat2024.pdf

10 Fluorescent Indicators for Barium Tagging in Double Beta Decay Reactions of Xe-136

In this communication, recent advances on the design, development and experimental validation of fluorescent indicators for barium tagging in double beta decay reactions of Xe-136 to yield one Ba(2+)-136 cation plus two electrons will be presented. These developments include mono- and bicolor indicators. The components of the fluorescent sensors include a Barium catcher and a fluorophore, together with a spacer-linker unit to anchor covalently the sensor to a suitable material in order to generate a functionalized surface able to detect Ba2(+) with low background and high selectivity. The photophysics of these sensors in solid-gas (Xe-136) interfaces will be also discussed.

Speaker: Fernando P. Cossío (University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU))

30min Cossío XeSAT 2024.pptx

11 AXEL

Speaker: Atsuko Ichikawa (Tohoku university)

AXEL.XESAT.240525.pdf

Break: Coffee and Tea

Leptons and Neutrinos

Convener: Tomiyoshi Haruyama

12 MEG II experiment and the liquid xenon detecotr

The MEG II experiment aims to discover the charged lepton flavor violation decay, μ+→e+γ, using high intensity continuous muon beam in the PSI. The MEG II began physics run since 2021 and we published first result with the an upper limit on the branching ratio of B(μ+ → e+γ) < 7.5 × 10^{−13} (90 % C.L.). We continue to take physics run also in 2022 and 2023, and will continue by 2026. Currently the analysis of 2022 data is ongoing and we aim to publish next result soon.
The liquid xenon calorimeter measures the energy, timing and position of signal gamma-ray. Approximately 800 L of liquid xenon is filled in a cryostat and generates scintillation lights by incident gamma-ray. The scintillation photons are detected by photo sensors attached on the cryostat wall and surrounding the liquid xenon. On the incident face of
gamma-ray, 4092 VUV-sensitive SiPMs are used and 668 VUV-sensitive PMTs are used for the other faces. The detector stability during beam time was regularly monitored using LED, alpha-ray, cosmic-ray, and mono-peak (9 MeV and 17.6 MeV) gamma-ray sources. Detector responses such as position dependence, energy resolution, and timing resolution were also studied using gamma-ray from charge exchange reaction between charged pion and hydrogen (55 MeV, 80 MeV). In the presentation, these detector performance evaluated by these calibration run are reported.
Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) decrease of SiPMs during beam time was observed probably caused by radiation damage. We tried to recover the PDE decrease by annealing during beam-off period. This recovery process and result are also presented.

Speaker: Sei Ban (The University of Tokyo, ICEPP)

MEGII_XeSAT2024_20240525.pdf

13 LXe calorimeter for the PIONEER Experiment

PIONEER aims to measure the charged-pion branching ratio to electrons versus muons (R$_π$) with about 15 times better precision in its first phase and the pion beta decay, $π^+ → π^0e+ν(γ)$, with 3 to 10-fold improvement in sensitivity in the next step. The PIONEER detector is designe1d to measure these reactions with great precision by employing a 5D active target and a high-resolution calorimeter. One of the calorimeter designs is based on liquid xenon technology with scintillation light readout. We present the PIONEER LXe calorimeter R&D status as well as its design.

Speaker: Satoshi Mihara (KEK)

XeSAT2024-Pioneer.pdf

14 RELICS: Search for Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering from reactor neutrinos using LXeTPC

The precise measurement of the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CEνNS) cross-section is of significant importance to understanding the properties of neutrinos and constraining new physics beyond the Standard Model. However, due to the background noise in the low energy region, the detection of CEνNS signals from reactor neutrino is quite challenging. The Liquid Xenon Time Projection Chamber (LXeTPC), which demonstrates good performance in dark matter detection and shows great potential in detecting events with nuclear recoil energy lower than 1keV, is a promising technology for detecting CEνNS signals. Reactor neutrino Liquid xenon Coherent Scattering experiment (RELICS) looks forward to employing this technology to detect CEνNS caused by ~MeV neutrinos from the reactors. This presentation will introduce the latest developments of the RELICS experiment.

Speaker: Chang Cai

RELICS.pdf

15 Dual-Phased Xenon Time Projection Chamber Prototype for the RELICS Neutrino Experiment

The RELICS experiment is dedicated to the search for the Coherent Elastic ν-Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS) process between neutrinos of approximately MeV energy and xenon nuclei, to be conducted at the Sanmen nuclear power plant using a ～30-kilogram dual-phased xenon detector. We have developed a dual-phased Xenon Time Projection Chamber prototype, the RELICS prototype, containing ~0.6 kg of xenon in the sensitive volume to verify the functionality of the RELICS detector. This prototype aims to maximize the efficiency of single-electron detection, which is the key to CEvNS measurement. It is also used to test the cryogenic, purification, storage, slow control and data acquisition systems to be employed by the RELICS experiment. In this talk, we summarize the design, construction, and operation of the RELICS prototype. Specific focus is given to the single electron detection and calibrations with internal Kr83m and Ar37 sources, demonstrating the energy threshold for the RELICS experiment. Through these advancements, the RELICS project aims to pioneer the detection of neutrino signals on the ground, detecting the high neutrino flux from the Sanmen reactor.

Speaker: Lingfeng Xie (Tsinghua University)

prototype_presentation_for_XESAT_xlf_2024_5_25.pdf

Social Program: Banquet

Sunday, 26 May

Double Beta Decay: Session 2

Convener: Fei Gao (Tsinghua University)

16 PandaX Neutrino Program

Speaker: Qiuhong Wang (Fudan University)

20240526_Qiuhong_XeSAT2024_PandaX_neutrino.pdf

17 nEXO, search for 0νββ beyond $10^28$ years

The pursuit of neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) detection stands at the forefront of particle physics research, promising profound insights into fundamental physics beyond the Standard Model. nEXO, a cutting-edge experiment, endeavors to explore this phenomenon utilizing a 5-tonne liquid xenon (LXe) time projection chamber (TPC), enriched to 90% in Xe136, poised to achieve a half-life sensitivity exceeding 10^28 years after a decade of operation. The potential observation of 0νββ decay heralds transformative implications, suggesting novel physics characterized by lepton number non-conservation and substantiating the Majorana nature of neutrinos. Leveraging ionization and scintillation light to gauge energy, nEXO aims for energy resolutions below 1% at the Qββ endpoint, bolstered by meticulous design enhancements to mitigate background noise, including the utilization of electroformed copper and a careful selection of low-activity materials. Situated at SNOLAB, nEXO employs advanced detector configurations, featuring segmented anodes and a large-area SiPM array, to capture ionization electrons and scintillation photons, thus facilitating precise event reconstruction. Recent advancements in detector design and data analysis, including the adoption of deep neural network architectures, underscore nEXO's pursuit of enhancing signal-to-background discrimination. nEXO reaches a sensitivity to 0νββ half-life of 1.35×10^28 years over a decade-long observational span.

Speaker: Julien Masbou (Subatech - Nantes Université)

2024_05_26 nEXO - XeSAT2024.pdf

18 Validation of the VUV-reflective coating for next-generation liquid xenon detectors

Coating detector materials with films highly reflective in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region improves sensitivity of the next-generation rare-event detectors that use liquid xenon (LXe). In particular, nEXO requires its Cu field-shaping rings and cathode to be coated by films that are 80% reflective at 175 nm, the mean wavelength of LXe scintillation. Other experiments, like DARWIN, could also benefit from such films. Al-MgF$_2$ coatings are known to be highly reflective in VUV, but depositing Al directly on Cu leads to alloying, decreasing VUV reflectance. Additionally, it was not clear how thin-film coatings would perform on realistic detector components, which are unpolished and passivated. This talk describes dedicated measurements in LXe and gaseous nitrogen of thin-film coatings that were designed to address these issues.

Speaker: Igor Ostrovskiy (University of Alabama)

IOstrovskiy_ReflCoat_XeSat2024.pptx

Break: Coffee and Tea

Industry and Application

Convener: Yuan Mei

19 The progress of ALETHEIA, a project hunting for low-mass dark matter with LHe TPCs

DM direct detection aims to test the cross-section between galactic DM particles and an underground detector's nucleons. Although Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) is the most discussed DM candidate, the null-WIMPs conclusion has been consistently addressed by the most convincing experiments in the field. The low-mass WIMPs region (100s MeV/c^2 - 10 GeV/c^2), however, has not been fully exploited compared to high-mass WIMPs (10 GeV/^2 - 1 TeV/^2). The ALETHEIA (A Liquid hElium Time projection cHambEr In dArk matter) experiment aims to hunt for low-mass WIMPs with liquid helium-filled time projection chambers (TPCs). The project was officially launched in 2020 and has made significant progress ever since. So far, we have verificed all of the key technoligies to build a single-phase LHe TPC; the R&D on a dual-phase detector is still underway. I will introduce the progress we have made in the past four years.

Speaker: Dr Junhui Liao (Brown / CIAE)

20 Detector development for medical imaging and opportunities for Noble gas detectors

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive molecular imaging technique capable of measuring biochemical and metabolic processes in living organisms. It plays an important role in the early diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of diseases, especially tumors, cardiovascular diseases and neurological diseases. In view of the urgent needs of drug development and neuroscience for the high resolution and efficiency of PET in small animals and the urgent need for high-definition images of PET in clinical practice, this report mainly discusses the methods of improving the performance of PET system from the aspects of PET detector resolution improvement method and TOF technology. The development of detectors for medical imaging is a dynamic and evolving field. Noble gas detectors, in particular, offer a range of unique properties that can be harnessed to enhance the capabilities of medical imaging systems. The utilization of noble gases in detectors is opening new avenues for the early and precise diagnosis of various medical conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.

Speaker: Zheng Liu

Detector development for medical imaging and opportunities for Noble gas detectors-Zheng.pdf

21 Enrichment of Xe-136 and Other Isotopes

Stable isotopes are used in more and more fields, among which neutrinoless double beta decay is one of the important application fields. At present, the Research Institute of physical and chemical Engineering of nuclear industry has mastered the preparation technology of Xenon, Germanium, Molybdenum and Selenium, and is developing the preparation technology of Tellurium. Among them, Xenon-134 and Xenon-136 can be used to detect neutrinoless double beta decay experiment, and have important application value in rare case detection. This paper mainly focuses on Xenon isotope enrichment technology. It studies and establishes high abundance xenon isotope enrichment process with natural xenon as raw material. Through technical breakthroughs such as single-unit development, cascade design and isotope enrichment, key problems such as abundance enhancement, scale production and purity enhancement were solved, and xenon-134 and xenon-136 samples with abundance and purity meeting the requirements were obtained.

Speaker: DANDAN DOU (核工业理化工程研究院)

DOU-Enrichment+of+Xe-136+and+Other+Isotopes240526.pptx

22 Xenon and Xenon Supply Chain in China

Speaker: Changwei Huang

XenonSupplyinChina.pptx

Break: Lunch

Social Program: Excursion

Monday, 27 May

Dark Matter Direct Detection: Session 2

Convener: Xiaopeng Zhou (Beihang University)

23 Dark Matter with PandaX

Speaker: Yi Tao (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

Dark Matter with PandaX v2.pdf

24 Dark matter search with crystalline xenon

Direct dark matter search experiments aim to detect rare events when a candidate dark matter particle scatters off a target. Ultra-low background is essential for such an effort. State-of-the-art liquid xenon time projection chambers (TPC) employ various effective methods to suppress and discriminate against background signals. The dominant background remaining is the Pb beta decay from the Rn chain, which limits our discovery sensitivity. A crystalline xenon TPC is a promising novel technology for next-generation dark matter search, as it could exclude and tag radon-chain backgrounds while maintaining the instrumental benefits of liquid xenon TPC. This talk will discuss instrumental performance as well as recent results to demonstrate the radon exclusion power of crystalline xenon with respect to liquid xenon.

Speaker: 陈 昊 (复旦大学-现代物理研究所)

xesat2024_crystal_xe.pptx

25 GanESS: Gaseous Detectors for neutrino Physics at the ESS

The recent detection of the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS) opens the possibility to detect neutrinos with small-size detectors and with different techniques, opening a new window to explore possible BSM physics.
The CEνNS process generates signals at the few-keV level, requiring sensitive detection technologies for its observation. The European Spallation Source (ESS) has been identified as the best possible site for the exploration this CEνNS process.
GanESS will use of a high-pressure noble gas time projection chamber to measure CEνNS at ESS in gaseous Xe, Ar and Kr. Such technique appears extraordinarily promising for detecting the process albeit characterization of the response to few-keV nuclear recoils will be necessary.
With this goal, we are currently comissioning GaP, a small prototype capable of operating up to 50 bar. GaP will serve to fully evaluate the low energy response of the technique, with a strong focus on measuring the quenching factor for the different noble gases that will later be used at GanESS.
I will give an overview of GanESS with a focus on the status of GaP and its short-term plans.

Speaker: Francesc Monrabal Capilla (Donostia International Physics Center)

Ganess_xesat2024-2.pdf

Break: Coffee and Tea

Detector R&D

Convener: Ning Zhou (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

26 How to produce the purest xenon on Earth for rare event searches with XENONnT

The dark matter experiment XENONnT utilizes about 8.6 tonnes of liquid
xenon for the direct search of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPS) and other rare event searches, employing a dual-phase Time Projection Chamber (LXe TPC).

In order to reach world-leading senstivities for the several physics channels, the target material xenon needs to be ultra-pure. Electrogentive impurities such as oxygen can absorb or capture the created photons and electrons after a particle interaction inside the detector, diminishing the potential dark matter signals. Additionally, radioactive contaminants such as Kr-85 and Rn-222 can mimic signal events and are the main source of background in XENONnT.

This talk will present the different purification techniques developed for XENONnT to produce the purest xenon on Earth leading to the lowest background in an operating LXe TPC.

Speaker: Dr Michael Murra (Columbia University in the City of New York)

xesat_shanghai_murra_2024_v0.pdf

27 Radiopure 2in PMT for liquid xenon detectors

Speaker: Yue Meng (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

XeSAT2024_PMT12699.pdf

28 Tritium Background for Direct Dark Matter Search

Direct dark matter searches require an ultra-low background, which is essential to improving sensitivity. Many efforts have been made to reduce and understand these techniques.
XENON1T observed an event excess at 1-7 keV in 2020, but not in XENONnT, which is thought to be background due to tritium. Quantitatively assessing this background is useful for future experiments.
In this talk, I will present measurements of atmospheric tritium by sampling HTO and HT and discuss an impact on the direct dark matter experiments with LXe.

Speaker: Masaki Yamashita (Kavli IPMU, the University of Tokyo)

20240527-XeSAT2024-Tritium_yamashita_v2.pdf

29 Summary

Speaker: Jianglai Liu (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

XeSAT2024 Summary.pptx

Break: Lunch